In Memoriam & Prayer Requests

We remember fellow alumni, parents, and grandparents who are no longer with us and ask for prayers for those in need of help or healing.

Prayer Requests

Submit a prayer request on behalf of someone who needs help or is hurting. Their name will be added to the prayer book in the Hill-Murray Chapel.

Submit a Prayer Request

In Memoriam

Let us know about members of our community who have passed away.
We will remember them in our prayers and include them in the list below.

Contact Us
2025

Alumni

 

Past/Current Parent / Grandparent / Past Staff

Henry Flasch
Frederick Mentzer

2024

Alumni

William M. Drinane ’69
John Forstner ’74
Teresa “Terrie” (Edstrom) Reynolds ’68
Dennis Sanftner ’69
Mary Beth (Meirick) Gentner ’83
Eugene Piccolo ’71
Theodore Wolkerstorfer ’69
Richard Spannbauer ’72
Brian Rongitsch ’65
Linda (Miller) Pitzen ’69
George Santori ’69
Michael Chickett, Jr. ’66
Thomas Fargo ’62
Michele Whitaker ’64
Warren Gebauer ’64
Margaret “Peggy” (Keller) Roberts ’69
Brian O’Callaghan ’74
Charles Donald Sanft ’63
Nancy Christianson ’62
John Pflugi ’71
Vincent Grundman ’70
Michael Sharrock ’63
John Meloch ’65
Daniel Tschida ’62
Elizabeth Noland Olson ’64
Margaret (Culligan) King ’79
Philip Brady ’66
Michelle Steward ’91
Janine Delage ’95
John Mckinnon ’70
Joseph George ’67
Mary Ellen (Sachi) Jakubowsky ’67
Michael Pennig ’63
Susan Hare ’65
Maribeth Latrerell ’65

Past/Current Parent / Grandparent / Past Staff

Lucille Jaksa
Mary Schoenthaler
Betty Brown-Schabert
Louis Morelli
Tommasina Pitera
Thomas Kane, Jr.
Jim Kasper
Lawrence Hennemann
Diane Lanctot
Shirley DeVinney
Nina Hardenbrook
Janice Cotroneo
Elizabeth (Betty) Lahr
John Pflugi
Daniel Dimond
Judith Godfrey
Suzanne Rich
Roy T. Rueb
Peter Tanzer Frederick Jr.
Darlyne Jansen
Diana Luciani
Frances Maxine Voves

2023

Alumni

Thomas David ’62
David Willard ’70
Lucian Castor ’65
Mary Fenn ’85
Philip Smith-Cunnien ’65
Rose (Guider) Juen ’68
Gregory Walsh ’68
Lynda Peterson ’63
Richard Ulrich ’66
Daniel Feldkamp ’76
Diane (Gangi) Woldt ’63
Glen Glancy ’73
Robert Manship ’62
Brooke (Brunsoman) Kassar ’86
Nancy Sue Passofaro-Nelson ’70
Michael Beane ’85
Gerald Jansen ’65
Mary Alyce (Schwinn) Rivera ’77
Douglas Law ’65
Philip Ramstad ’62
James Hand ’63
Marcia (Lee) Agee ’63
Hartley Blomquist ’67
Kathryn Patricelli ’93
Stephen LaCasse ’64
Gary Pelton ’62
Patrick Dow ’85
April (Monogue) Hudalla ’79
Joseph Bozicevich ’65
Leslie (Masson) Poucher ’73
William Hejny ’69
Tom Nalipinski ’62
Robert Ramstad ’65
Rosemary (Wukawitz) VanBlaracom ’64
Janet (Lebens) Hentges ’64
Thomas Daly ’83
Ann Wiberg ’70
Cezary Lewandowski ’66
Richard Voss ’65
Stephen Krenz ’67
William Dwyer ’70
Margaret “Peggi” Pothen ’80
Ryan Froysland ’01
Cathy (Rogers) Black ’67
Gordon Ueland ’64
Allan Schulte ’64
Kathleen (Hoffman) Mobley-Noble ’64
Susan Antroinen ’74

 

Past/Current Parent / Grandparent / Past Staff

Eileen Berger
Mary Rungaitis
Rita Skaj
Edward C. Erickson
Mary Crane
Jean Schreier
Robert A. Godfrey
Edward Hangge
Gregory Esch
Ronald Capocasa
Roger Kueffner
John “Jack” Nowicki, Jr.
Elizabeth Orchard
Louis Continenza
Leona Arceno
Eugene Beaulieu
Gerald Sagstetter
Edward Altermatt
Elizabeth Holl-Juaire
Fred Yekaldo
Lois Manos
Darlene Fullerton
Doris Maloney
Patrick Kavanagh
Jean Holland
Geraldine Drassal
Raymond Colwell
Bonnie Vruno
Stanley Jesky
Kathleen Sauer
Mary Clare Holmes
Kay Weber
Tim Capistrant
Joseph Sweeney
Theresa Thurmes
Eleanor Kegley
Caroline Rodriguez
Gail Wessels
Mary Meysenberg

2022

Alumni

Mary (Ryan) Wooden ’63
James Suchan ’63
Michele (Auge) Possert ’69
Wayne Askew ’65
Colleen Faust ’82
Karen (Vadnais) Hansen ’68
Barbara (Blees) Pflugi ’77
Paul Russell ’76
John M. Auger ’65
Theresa (Maher) Flaherty ’66
Michael E. Conroy ’87
Tim Mealy ’72
Jerry Cognetta ’65
Jeffrey M. Techler ’67
Michael G. Kuehn’76
Diane Yeager-Malean ’79
Barbara (Dean) Stahlmann ’79
Annette “Toni” (Daninger) Pankratz ’68
John Paul “Jack” Navins ’66
Patti (Meier) Grundhofer ’86
Gregory “Bussy” Carr ’84
Steve Griffith ’79
Doreen (Svendsen) Auger ’64
Dr. John “Jack” Navins ’66
Maureen (Murray) Delsing ’63
Mary (Raiola) Anderson ’67
Claire Bastien ’71
Laurie (Lundblad) Loney ’68
Jeannene (Stein) Otto ’64
William Eberlein ’81
Susan (Smith) Hauwiller ’66
Mary (Gilbert) Byrne ’76
Bob Stahn ’74
Michael Morley ’65
Theresa St. Sauver ’63
Barbara Soderquist ’62
Sandra Jackson ’63
Diane Yeager-Malean ’79
Susan Jenkins
Mary Jo (Yankovec) Cherewan ’65
Charlie Hill ’63
Timothy Morrissey ’70

Past Parent / Grandparent / Past Staff

LaVerne Palme
John Nemetz
Jean Persby
Robert Schwinghammer
Ronald Herrick
Vincent Arceno
Mary Kirst
Angeline Sowada
Bernard Koalska
Virginia Germain
Mary Kaase
Richard Smith
Loretta Colwell
Donald Fitch
Yvonne Erickson
Diana Tucci
Raymond Arndt
Jacqueline Strobel
Lorraine Frenning
Alois Mazur
Lorraine Frenning
Rita Cunnien
John Mortensen
Betty Romanchuk
Valerie Mahowald
Lorraine Wietecki
Ronald Ryan, Sr.
Jerome J. Richgels
Marlene Lepsche
Gerald M. Warkel
Melede DeMars
Lois Griemann
Ronald Ryan, Sr.
Connie Mueller
Harriet Vitelli
Patricia Schwartz
Louis Charpentier
Sister Rosemary Rader, OSB
Lester Novotny
Vivian Forsberg
Br. Jerome Higgins, OFM Cap.
Lucille Pretzel
Barbara Wieland

 

 

2021

Alumni

Sandra (Mike) Bachman ’62
David Baker ’87
Thomas J. Kelly ’96
Nancy Libra ’70
Michael J. Mahmood ’75
Edward Godbout ’78
James Dowdal ’63
Richard Horvath ’86
William Priefer ’66
Mary Katherine (Liesenfield) Boran ’65
Rosendo Elizondo ’65
Thomas House ’62
Gerald Hauwiller ’63
Randy M. Bacchus III
Robert Casci ’64
Mary (Ruza) Meehan ’73
Christopher Esty ’73
Douglas Rafferty ’70
John Wiesner ’62
William Grandel ’70
Michael LaCasse ’66
Nicholas Huesman ’02
Timothy Scully ’62
Bruce Persby ’68
Francis Frisch, Jr. ’66
Janiece Delisle ’72
William Thurmes ’76
Richard Irwin ’62
Rebecca Brokke-Bourdaux ’96
Toni Ann (Leitte) Longhenry ’70
Debra (Mueller) Shambo ’69
Dennis Damico ’64
Kelly (Crowley) Severson ’64
Michael Luger ’82
Robert Appert ’64
Judith Anne (Morrissette) Grout ’62
James “Pete” Weist ’68
Thomas Welsch ’67
Michael Kush ’64
Troy Schally ’89
Patrick Collins ’64
Mary Granse U’ren ’70

Past Parent / Grandparent / Past Staff

Marcia Bailey
Phyllis Cunningham
Marjorie Dufresne
Gloria McDonough
Clair Murphy
Jacqueline Phillippi
Donna Pinotti
Sister Joan Utecht OSB
Robert Wind
Paul DeBriyn
Mary Flesher
Carol Whitcomb
John Fida
Roger Whitcomb
Arnold Palme
Janice Rivard
Eleonora Cocchiarella
Dorothy Conlin
Bette Jayne Haak
Terrence Koves
Eugene Savage
Jean Supan
Eileen Conway
Donald Gervais
Ann Joy Hodges
Ann Murphy
John Paul Yarusso
Helen Braun
Duane Watters
Helen Godbout
Lawrence Holland
Ann Louise Scheitlin
Walter Schupp
Judith Von Oepen
Angeline Bethke
Joel Montpetit
Lorraine Timmons
Ethel Wagner
Margaret Van Ort
Corrine Lukas
Irene Antolak
Michael Holbach
Lorraine Jungbauer
Vernon Lahr
Martin Denk
Michael Cartier
Joseph Moss
Sister Agnes Trombley, OSB
Shirley Grabowski
Velmar Voves
Wayne Swedal

 

2020

Alumni

James R. Flesher ’82
Mary B. McDonough ’69
Ashlee M. Frederick ’04
Joan M. Hubert ’69
Catherine A. Meakins ’91
Gregory D. Truskolaski ’65
Susan (Shanley) Thorp ’74
Diana (Golla) Werling ’70
Cheryl Arnold ’67
Henry Katzmarek ’77
Tim Kelcher ’85
Todd Kelcher ’85
Kristine (Trenda) O’Brien ’70
Sandra (Mercier) Hamilton
Donna Carpenter ’65
Margaret (McKliget) Lucier ’66
David Paray ’64
MaryAnn (Krois) Wawack ’62
Sylvia (Laschinger Miller) Rahm ’65
George Benson ’64
Geralyn (Theissen) Pedersen ’77
JoEllyn (Luger) Rucke ’67
Lisa Sarafolean
Patrick Allen ’62
Rachelle (Yetzer) Bieniek ’81
Vernon Henk ’70
Joan (Kleinschmidt) Smith ’81
Robert J. Cunningham ’73
Kenneth Coleman ’64
Vernon Henk ’70
Luann Adelmann ’64

 

Past Parent / Grandparent / Past Staff

Carlos Nunez
Russell Olson
John R. Buelow
Monica Deters
Bruce Leonard
Gilbert Zachman
John Broshat
Juanita Boughton
Charles Josephson
Roger Schoenecker
Kathleen Shearon
Craig Alesso
Patrick J. Daulton, Sr.
Michael J. Garvey
Patricia Gibbons
Louis A. Haak, Jr.
Maxine Johnson
Virginia Stadler
Richard Thiele
Agnes Blaney
Carol Floyd
Gloria Klosner
George Passe
Katherine Schmidt
Marian Wojcik
Kenneth Carlson
Dale Carmichael
Frances Dolan
Larry Rizzardi
Theodore Schroepfer
Vincent Dolva
William Hoppe
Stanley Jakubowski
Terrence O’Malley
Gerald Blees
Theresea Kegley
Maryann Firner
Elaine Passe
Brother Bernard Rapp
Jacqueline Vander Heyden
Elaine Ruhland
Carmen Gabrielli
Allen LeClaire
Donald Regan
Raymond Rohr
Theresa Sullivan
Deloris Delage
Betty Morrison
Raymond Weidner
Barbara Josephson
Eunice Mason
Marie Browne
Joseph Rodriguez

2019

Alumni

James M. Lieb ’69

John P. Raleigh ’62

John J. Reibestein ’64

Jim Fratto ’67

Timothy McGuire ’63

Anna Marie Piccolo ’69

Charles F. Mitch ’63

Gail (Dufresne) Sergot ’65

Kenneth P. Knie ’73

Cheryl A. (Olson) Schultz ’64

Peter R. Ganzel ’70

Judy Gallaty ’63

Mark F. Quinlan ’70

Paul J. Royer ’82

Lori (Lucey) Stafki ’77

Bruce A. Winterle ’72

John Schatzlein ’67

Jane Ann (Lesnar) Carpenter ’68

David Benassi ’69

Mark R. Bollman ’70

Isabelle H. (Robinson) Phillips ’63

Louis “Terry” Poirier ’62

Nicholas A. Blees, Jr. ’68

James A. Larson ’71

Don Newpower’65

Isabelle H. Phillips ’63

James M. Sexton, Jr. ’64

Richard J.F. Kramer ’82

Robert Hovey ’81

Constance (Goetzke) Taylor ’71

Joseph Tobritzhofer,III ’67

Patricia (Mcgarthwait) Anfang ’74

 

Past Parent / Grandparent / Past Staff

Bernice Fisher

Joan L. Flaherty

Michelle M. Gargaro

Lawrence P. Koral

Mary C. Meysenburg

Mary Ann Roche

Joseph F. Schmitz

Veronica Wermers

Beverly Clarkin

Marlys M. Cleaveland

Mary Ellen Edel

Georgia Egge

Lou E. Henigin

Geraldine A. Mandel

Gary A. Davis

John M. Gerenz

Warren J. Jansen

Laurine A. Kraut

Mary Ann Gockowski

Edward Blees

David J. Gorde

Mary Ann Maggi

Michael Vruno

Montse Young

James R. Milbrandt

Marilyn Quinlan

James Warner

Mary Bothwell

Judy Herrick

Richard Kosmalski

Lawrence May

Tammy Wilde

Antoinette Collins

Patrick Curran

Donald Dornfeld

Carole Rosemark

Bernard Salchow

Janis C. Weber

Timothy Gahler

Gerald L. L’Allier

Matthew H Wiederkehr

Lorraine F. Winkel

Mary Z. Klein

Bernie Lindell-Wachtler

Loretta J. Lonetree

Donald D. Ethier

Kenneth B. Russell

Antoinette Schultz

Luella M. Unger

James R. Sprangers

2018

Alumni

Charles E. Goetzke ’68

Richard Graske ’77

Doug W. Ries ’80

Allen M. Swanson ’62

Diana Husak Anderson ’87

Peter A. Riehle ’70

Gary L. Sanchez ’68

Paul D. Broderson ’63

Paul G. Cardinal ’69

William J. Conlin ’64

James Mealey ’68

Mary C. (Walton) Peters ’82

Edward Pokorny ’02

Yvonne M. (Kostelnik) Campbell ’76

Mary Ann Frasczak ’73

Judith H. (Allard) Underwood ’64

Ted F. Fischer ’65

Robert McCarthy ’64

Susan D. (Cleaveland) Olsen ’87

Maureen S. (Crowe) Busacker ’75

Ronald J. Gibis ’65

Richard P. Witte ’69

Kathleen (Ligday) Lewis ’69

James A. Telinda ’63

Terrence J. Cavegn ’65

William E. Lange ’70

David O. Harrington ’93

Mary L. (Aune) Davis ’70

Deborah J. Hudalla ’72

George A. Montpetit ’67

Mary Jo (Denk) Anastasi ’82

Holly Sperr Bilodeau ’67

David J. Steineck ’63

Steve Thell ’81

Robert Barron ’63

Timothy B. Pietraszewski ’62

William G. Rick ’77

Pat (McKeown) Soderbeck ’62

Susan Kordosky ’69

Edward Haag ’68

 

Past Parents / Grandparents

Lois L. Balkenol

Bernadette M. Brees

Denise Hennen

Ruth A. Hinrichs

Roger W. Lanctot

Jean Rohlik

Gerald Steenberg

Terrence J. Waldoch

Mary A. Frawley

Francis Hagen

Jeanne E. Larson

Alfred J. McComber

Thomas R. Oakes

Joseph A. Wegner

Phyllis Matsch

John T. Rueb

Joan L. Schuster

Larry Senger

Shirley M. Brown

Gary E. Clementson

James Holupchinski

Clyde W. Klosner

Jean M. Ristow

Gayle V. Schmokel

Eugene F. Schneider

Eileen Sievert

Peter Marilyn Gaertner

Arlene Goodwin

John Hardenbrook

Arthur Heffernan

Joan Jeffers

Luz Nunez

Jean Regan

Anthony Sowada

Charles Anastasi

Mary Jane Delisle

Jeffrey Herrity

George L. Kramlinger

Maxine Lange

Daniel M. Barrett

John F. Cotroneo

Shirley A. Davis

Eileen M. Odean

Margaret H. Fitzmorris

Francis. L. Haselmann

Harriet Koonce

Marcella Rogers

Charlotte M. Shields

Joann Steenberg

Pearl V. Esboldt

Arlene Goetzke

Cecelia L. Gresback

Julaine Krois

Robert N. Reistad

Donald W. Hughes

Paul Koller

Dennis L. Larsen

Helen Regenold

Maria E. “Helen” Chelberg

Mary J. Lechner

George E. Rafferty

Mary C. Crane

2017

Alumni

Patricia (Dittberner) Pollock ’62

Tim Mauer ’69

Phil Bonin ’64

Eileen (Finger) Marquart ’66

David J. Murray ’69

Roger Capaul ’72

Jeffrey Oxford ’87

Robert C. Daly ’65

Eric P. Jacobsen ’80

Kim M. (Freedlund) Kurki ’73

Mary N. (Zingsheim) Porto ’75

Steven P. Stacey ’83

Maryann Turner ’62

Michael J. Doughty ’64

Eugene E. Fibuch ’63

Jeffrey L. League ’78

Michael P. Maher ’67

Luke Howat ’02

Peter L. Kaudy ’68

Michael P. Maher ’67

Dennis C. Moore ’64

James Moore ’66

Mark C. Nyman ’69

Lawrence H. White ’67

Robert J. Armbruster ’70

Daniel M. Conroy, Sr. ’77

John M. George ’63

Patricia A. Geraghty ’62

Jeffrey Rueb ’92

Lynn A. (Richards) Savage ’68

 

Past Parents / Grandparents

Frederick W. Brass

Geraldine M. Kroll

Bernadette (Betty) Losinski

Phyllis M. Ruchie

Bill Voight

John W. Kriegl

Virginia A. Mahoney

JoAnn Ruemmele

Stanley J. Sergot

Gregory J. Celski

Elizabeth A. Conners

Fredric M. Johnson

David Murray

Dolly J. Robideau

Jean Dolva

Malcolm H. Faust

Eileen P. Kuchera

William C. Jackson

Patricia A. Squires

Delores J. Rowan

Chester A. Jablonski

Betty J. Kirchoff

Ruth Simon

Patricia L. Spanier

Louis F. Adornato

Rosanna J. Ash

Jean Berens

Darwin J. Murphy

Darlene T. Hilger

Margaret T. Monn

Betti Jean Montpetit

Darwin J. Murphy

Dolores M. Schram

Myron Scullen

Lawrence H. White

Myron E. Whitney

Mary Ann Barbato

Joan M. Domke

John A. Gombold

Louise Hornung

Robert J. Kranz

Gerald T. McNulty

John P. Schmelz

Norvin L. Swager

Michael M. Kelly

Bill Schwietz

Rose A. Willard

2016

Alumni

John C. Anderson ‘78

Philip V. Cognetta ‘62

Mark E. Manthey ‘65

Barbara (Sagstetter) Valle ‘70

Virginia C. (Benassi) Carlson ‘65

Mary “Jan” (Fearing) Johnson ‘66

Timothy J. Tolaas ‘76

Daniel J Kinsella ’64

Robert W. Brandt ‘77

Patricia A. (Smith) Springer ‘62

Claudia M. Karner ’64

Kathleen M. (Conlin) Lutton ‘65

Gregory P. Travis ‘64

Thomas E. Bouthilet ’69

George Halvorsen ’63

Kathleen (Jenny) Anderson ‘62

Gregory D. Moris ‘81

Janet J. Frischmon Gatlin ‘69

Patrick Haggerty ‘72

Bobbi (Niemi) Kurth ‘79

Michael Duchene ‘83

Donald P. Hare ‘63

Curtis Supan ‘73

Kevin Bozicevich ’67

Mary T. (Gangl) Enger ’70

JoAnne M. Ferderer ’62

Ronald G. Henry ’62

Richard J. Naughton ’63

Jeanne (Blossom) Seller ’82

Lynn M. Stackpole ’81

Kathleen M. (Strub) Hofacker ’91

 

Past Parents / Grandparents

Margaret M. Bies

Edmund J. Buzicky

Thomas J. Lyons

Matthew H. Sprangers

Carl J. Wind

Patrick M. Cocchiarella

Virginia A. Hangge

Robert G. Harper

Marie W. Kappel

Scott Koneczny

Joan A. Misgen

Wallace W. Ristow

Rosemary J. Roppeau

Marian J. Svendsen

Anita Weber

Albert Collyard

Susan M. Lafeber

Margaret M. Otte

Joseph M. Dragich

Maryjo P. Kobold

David Nielsen

Mary H. Soucheray

Margaret Watters

Mary L. Gerebi

Lorraine M. Koch

Ferdie Krieglmeier

Louis R. Tinucci, Jr.

John G. Burns, Jr.

Mary E. Graske

Mary de Lourdes O’Connor

John J. Storm

Doris M. Celski

John W. Hooley

Albert B. Nieters

Joan Pierce

Barbara Smrdel

Prosper D. DeLisle

Judith C. Palumbo

Frances W. Sagstetter

Terese M. Byrne

Donald B. Goodwin

Trudy L. Klassen

Cyril D. McFadden

Margaret Rafferty

Elaine A. Eberhard

Helen T. Faust

William T. Kenney

Yvonne Pflugi

 

Past Staff / Faculty

Roger F. Ludwig

Teri Simpkins

Barbara Smrdel

2015

Alumni

Michael Hill ’68
Christine M. Bilek Stoehr ’67
John J. Summers ’67
Arthur J. Milotzky ’64
Mary K. (Delfiacco) Weik ’65
Linda K. (Walerius) MacDonald ’73
Carol (Delfiacco) Sachs ’69
Terrance J. Conway ’66
Anthony Joseph, Sr. ’65
Robert F. Mroszak ’64
Joseph A. Naughton ’65
Patrick J. O’Keefe ’76
Tyler R. Berqual ’94
Jason T. Anderson ’94
Milissa (Schmidt) Lanoux ’78
Dennis P. Casey ’70
David G. Scherman ’64
Gary J. Gorton ’63
Phyllis (Linde) Connor ’67
Dennis McGinley ’66
Gail P. (St. Sauver) Gregory ’63
Father James Zappa ’68
Ann Marie (Shevlin) Stone ’66
Daniel J. Szalapski ’65
Michael L. Trudell ’69
Lonna (Wolff ) Weidner ’62

 

Past Parent/Grandparent

Kenneth F. Nerison

Janice C. Strohmeier

Sylvia E. Vann

Jack D. Hei

Hazel A. Hines

Joan M. Kight

Willie Drilling

Barbara J. Focht

Arthur J. Komarek, Sr.

Louis F. Winkler

Dorothy M. Beers

Richard W. Prior

Guadalupe Aguilar

John E. Boland

Lois A. Dicker

Betty I. Murphy

Joan A. Podobinski

Lowell J. Rieks, Jr.

Richard J. Schreier, Sr.

Thelma M. Ek

Barbara A. Leiter

Joseph A. McCarthy

Roberta M. Paddock

Jane L. Quinn

Betty J. Rafferty

Mary C. Woessner

Dolores K. Gombold

Gerald H. Lafeber

Adeline C. McCallum

Deacon Reed E. Santa

Rita Voigt

Alfred Berchem

Leesa D. Dentinger

John M. Donnelly

John E. Heinlein

Florence A. Kuehn

Victor Tedesco

 

Past Staff / Faculty

Roberta M. Paddock

Jane L. Quinn

Genevieve M. Juba

2014

Alumni

Joel D. Ebert ’68
James M. Voosen ’69

 

 

Past Parent/Grandparent

Lorraine Reistad

Previous Years/Death Year Unknown

ALUMNI

Randall Petterssen ’72
Mary Jo (Carr) Jasicki ’71

Past Parent/Grandparent

Joyce Gervais (1998)
Carol Rustand